Furnish and completely install the Firestone SBS Roofing System in accordance with Firestone's published specifications and details. This section of Firestone's Technical Manual is a general guideline on how the installation of Firestone's SBS Roof Systems. Reference to the Design Section, Technical Information Sheets

(T.I.S.), and other sections of Firestone's Technical Manual is necessary to assure that the finished roof system is installed in compliance with Firestone requirements for warranty. These application guidelines are written for ideal conditions. Ambient conditions change, substrates vary, and application and installation rates may differ, which should be anticipated when bidding and installing the roof system.

(Required if Firestone Red Shield Roofing System Limited Warranty is to be issued.)

When the proposed project parameters fall outside of this specification, submit the project parameters to Firestone Technical Services, including but not limited to: building height, deck type, parapet height, roof edge type, openings in walls, etc.

2.02.2.2 Submit Pre-lnstallation Notice and Associated Drawings

Submit a Firestone Pre-lnstallation Notice (PIN) a minimum of 14 days prior to project start-up to Firestone's Technical Services Department for review. Submit details and other project information which do not conform to Firestone details or warranty pre-requisites for review with the PIN as well.

2.02.2.3 Submit Pull-out Test Results (When Required)

A.) Submit a complete listing of the pull-out tests and the corresponding pull-out values, signed by both the representative conducting the pull-out tests and the Firestone Licensed Applicator, verifying accuracy.

B.) Submit a roof drawing showing the locations where the pull-out tests were performed.

2.02.2.4 Submit Request For Inspection

A.) After completion of the roof system, submit to Firestone the Request for Inspection (RFI) form and Approved Roof Drawing (ARD) showing all pertinent information including location of penetrations, dimensions, building height and edge conditions. An inspection will be subsequently scheduled (if a system warranty is requested) and completed by a Firestone Field Technician to determine compliance with Firestone's requirements.

B.) Areas found not to be in conformance will be documented by the Field Technician and must be corrected by the applicator to meet Firestone's warranty requirements.

Firestone Building Products October 1998

Upon completion of repairs and within 60 days of inspection, sign and submit to Firestone Building Products the Completed Repairs for Warranty (CRFW) form.

A.) Keep all primers, fuels, sealants and cleaning materials (e.g. gas, solvents, etc.) away from ALL ignition sources (i.e. torches, flames, open flames, sparks, etc.).

B.) Consult container labels and Material Safety Data Sheets for specific safety instructions.

C.) All surfaces must be free of dirt, moisture, and any other contaminants.

D.) When the outside temperature is below 50°F (10°C), installation of the Firestone SBS System requires additional application precautions:

1.) Proper storage of the material in a heated storage area (heated to a temperature of 60°F to 80°F (15.5°C to 26.7°C) is required prior to installation to provide proper application. THIS BECOMES MORE CRITICAL AS TEMPERATURES DECREASE.

2.) Materials must remain in a heated environment a minimum of 24 hours prior to installation. Once removed from storage, material must be used within one hour. Material not used within that time period must be returned to the heated storage for a minimum of 24 hours.

3.) Should the SBS roll become stiff or difficult to install, it must be exchanged with a roll from the heated storage area.

4.) As the temperature drops, asphalt will cool faster once removed from the kettle, resulting in progressively thicker asphalt. Asphalt that has cooled and thus thickened will not flow and give a uniform application rate. The following special precautions apply for asphalt installation in weather.

• Asphalt temperatures must be monitored closely to maintain a minimum of 400° F (204.4° C) at the point of application.

• Asphalt handling equipment must be insulated in order to minimize the drop in asphalt temperature.

• Stop installation if proper asphalt temperature of 400°F (204.4°C) at the point of application can not be maintained. Asphalt must never be overheated to compensate for the cooling effects of cold

• weather conditions.

• When temperatures are below 50° F (10°C) mopping shall not progress more than 4 feet (1.2 meters) in front of the roll at any time. Since the asphalt tends to cool more rapidly on cold substrates, the cap sheet must be well embedded immediately with positive pressure.

5.) During cool or cold weather, it is important that base and cap sheets be unrolled and allowed to relax prior to installing. The requirements for relaxation may vary, but should be at least 30 minutes.

E.) Deliver materials to job site in their original containers.

F.) Follow directions for protection of materials prior to and during installation. Do not use damaged materials.

G.) Avoid penetration of conduits and other piping in and under the deck.

H.) Store all cap, base, and ply sheets on end to prevent damage and flattening of the roll. All materials

I.) should be stored in their original unopened packaging.

J.) Materials shall be stored in a neat, safe manner so as to not exceed the allowable load limits of the

K.) storage area, and be placed out of the weather in a clean dry area. If materials must be stored temporarily on the roof before application, they should be kept elevated from roof surface on pallets, stored on end, and covered from the weather. Do not double stack pallets of material.

A.) Personnel must wear proper clothing while applying Firestone SBS products. Long sleeve shirts, long pants, leather or durable shoes or boots with flat soles/heels, and gloves are appropriate.

B.) It is the contractor's responsibility to observe all fire prevention and safety prevention policies and practices during the installation of the Firestone SBS Roofing System. The contractor must also train, instruct and warn employees in the proper use of torching equipment. All federal, state and local regulations must be followed.

C.) Industry associations have developed educational training programs dealing with safety (including torch applications). Firestone recommends that all applicators who install Modified Bitumen systems attend and become familiar with the appropriate training program.

D.) Follow all OSHA and NRCA provisions for fire protection, including but not limited to, those in OSHA

1962. 150, 151, 153, 1191-110 which apply to torch application.

E.) Workers should use extra caution around exposed edges of insulation to prevent flame from coming in contact with any combustible material. Contact for any length of time with lead or other materials affected by heat should be avoided.

F.) The contractor should be familiar with L.P.G.C. 58 "Standard for the Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gas" and any other appropriate publications of the National LP Gas Association.

G.) Do not use torching equipment in an enclosed area.

H.) Equipment considerations:

1. Use an adjustable pilot with a complete shut-off valve.

2. Use a U.L. listed adjustable regulator with the torch.

3. Use only hose approved for LP gas.

4. Use a torch stand to direct flame upward when not in use.

5. Use soap solution to test for gas leaks at all connections before lighting torch.

6. Keep vent in pressure regulator unobstructed at all times.

7. Make sure gas flow through the regulator is in the proper direction.

8. Be sure that torching equipment is in good working order.

9. Secure propane tanks in an upright position on the roof.

10. Increase the size of bottle or cylinder to keep frost from occurring.

11. Use a flint or electronic lighter to ignite the torch. Matches or disposable lighters are unsafe substitutes.

12. Stop work immediately should a leak occur and make all necessary repairs before continuing work.

13. Check hoses frequently for wear and burned or charred areas and replace as necessary.

14. Know the difference between liquid and vapor gas and dispensing equipment.

15. Treat the torch as if it is always burning.

16. Shut off the torch by closing the propane cylinder valve first and let the remaining gas burn out of the hose before closing the torch valve.

17. Do not leave a torch unattended.

18. Do not operate any pressure gauge beyond the top of its scale, near excessive heat, or where there is excessive vibration.

19. Do not turn a vapor cylinder on its side to increase pressure.

20. Do not heat a cylinder to increase pressure.

21. Do not use matches or a cigarette lighter to check for gas leaks.

22. Do not use any torching equipment that is leaking gas at any fitting.

23. Do not use more than 25' (7.6 m) of hose at one time.

24. Do not lift cylinder by the valve. The valve is made of soft brass and is easily cracked or broken.

25. Do not place the fire extinguisher too close to LP gas equipment. If fire occurs, you cannot get to the fire extinguisher to put out the fire.

26. Do not lay an operating torch over the edge of the roof or on a gas cylinder.

27. Do not tighten the brass fittings too tightly with a wrench.

28. Do not use a soda acid fire extinguisher as it will spread the flames.

I.) At a minimum, there should be one (1) 20 Ib (9.1 kg) fully charged ABC type tire extinguisher per torch.

J.)No flammable liquids shall be stored on the roof excluding LP gas in approved containers. All LP gas not in use shall be stored on the ground.

Note: This section may not be inclusive. Follow all current regulations and practices relating to safety and material storage.

2.05.1.1 Correct Substrate Defects

A.) Correct substrate defects before commencement of work.

B.) For reroofing applications only: remove existing roof system components as specified by the project designer. If unspecified components are discovered during installation, they should be brought to the attention of the project designer for corrective action under provisions for unanticipated additional work.

Prior to attaching insulation or membrane systems to a concrete deck, a deck dryness test should be performed

to determine suitability. The NRCA (National Roofing Contractors Association) recommends two methods, one involving a pane of glass and the other using hot asphalt. Following is a summary of both tests:

A.) During midday sun, place a pane of glass (about 12" x 12" (304.8 mm x304.8 mm)) on the concrete deck and seal around the edges using caulking or tape, assuring the perimeter of glass is sealed.

B.) Allow the glass to remain in place for two hours. If condensation appears on the bottom of the glass, the deck is not dry enough for application of insulation or roofing materials.

Pour a pint (500 ml) of bitumen (approximately 400°F (204.4°C)) on the deck. If the bitumen foams, the deck is not dry enough to roof. If no foaming occurs, after the bitumen has dried, attempt to peel the bitumen from the deck. If the bitumen peels, the deck is not dry enough to roof, even if foaming was not present during the initial pouring.

Deck testing should take place not only at job start-up, but also if any form of precipitation occurs using one of the above methods.

The Firestone SBS Roof System may be installed directly to the concrete surface, or to a layer(s) of insulation which has been attached to the deck using Firestone Insulation Plates and Fasteners, by adhering in a full mopping of Type III or IV asphalt, or by using Firestone MB Cold Adhesive. Insulation requires an installation of a base sheet. When using asphalt or MB Cold Adhesive for attachment, the deck shall be completely primed

by applying an ASTM D 41 Primer at a rate of 1-1/2 to 2 gallons per 100 square feet (0.6-0.8 l/sq. m). Note: DO NOT APPLY BASE OR PLY SHEETS DIRECTLY TO ISO 95+ OR OTHER ISOCYANURATE INSULATIONS USING A FULL MOPPING OF HOT ASPHALT.

Firestone MB Cold Adhesive may also be used to attach insulation. Assure that the deck is in suitable condition to receive the insulation and Firestone MB Cold Adhesive. Using an airless sprayer or 1/4" (6.4 mm) notched neoprene squeegee, apply Firestone's MB Cold Adhesive at a rate of 1-1/2 to 2 gallons of adhesive per 100 square feet (0.6-0.8 l/sq. m) of insulation. Immediately, but not more than 20 minutes after application of the adhesive, place Firestone insulation (max. 4' x 4' board size (1.2 m x1.2 m)) in the adhesive and walk into place, making sure to stagger adjoining rows. Additional layers of insulation shall be applied using the same application procedure.

The Firestone SBS System shall be installed so that all laps shed water.

A.) For roof slopes up to and including 1/4":12" (2.1%), the side laps shall be installed perpendicular to the slope (shingled).

B.) For roof slopes greater than 1/4" (2.1%) up to and including 1/2":12" (4.2%), the side laps may be installed parallel or perpendicular to the slope.

C.) Back water laps are not allowed.

D.) For roofs slopes greater than 1/2":12" (4.2%), the membrane shall run parallel to the slope and be backnailed as follows:

*Type IV asphalt required with any system that incorporates more than one ply of SBS material.

Notes:

1.) For slopes over 3" per foot (25%), contact Firestone for additional requirements.

2.) Fasteners and plates may be used in lieu of cap nails. They shall be FM approved using low profile insulation type plates (four per end lap required).

3.) Backnailing shall occur through the cap sheet into pressure treated wood nailers spaced 16' (4.9 m) to 32' (9.8 m) face to face depending on sheet length. Backnailing shall occur approximately 3" (76.2 mm) in from end of cap sheet. Nailers shall be attached to resist a force of 200 Ibf per lineal foot (2.9 kN) minimum (maximum 16" (40.6 mm) o.c.).

4.)Wood nailers are not needed when system is applied directly to a wood deck or similar nailable substrates.

5.)Cap nails shall be steel, minimum 1" (25.4 mm) long, and have a 1" (25.4 mm) integral cap.

Water, snow, frost and/or ice, must be removed from the work surface prior to installing the Firestone SBS System so as not to contribute to potential condensation or blistering. Decks which are moisture absorbent must be allowed to dry completely before proceeding with the installation.

Acceptable substrates to which the Firestone SBS System is installed must be properly prepared prior to membrane installation. The surface must be clean, dry, smooth, free of sharp edges, fins, loose or foreign materials, oil, grease and other materials that may damage the membrane. All roughened surfaces which could cause damage to the membrane shall be properly cushioned with insulation.

All surface voids of the immediate substrate greater than 1/4" (6.4 mm) wide must be properly filled with an

acceptable fill material.

Install a vapor retarder as specified by the project designer.

Wood nailers shall be installed as specified by the project designer or as noted in Firestone Details. Install wood nailers as follows:

Total wood nailer height shall match the total thickness of insulation being used, and shall be installed with a 1/8" (3.2 mm) gap between each length and each change of direction.

Wood nailers shall be firmly fastened to the deck. Mechanically fasten wood nailers to resist a force of 200 Ibf per lineal foot (2.9 kN/m). Refer to attachment requirements as specified by the project designer.

The wood nailer shall be tapered (if applicable) so that it will always be flush at the point of contact with the insulation.

Chemical treating for fire resistance or other purposes (other than pressure treating for rot resistance i.e. "Wolmanized(r)" or "Osmose(r) K-33") may affect the performance of the Firestone membrane and accessories.

Consult Firestone Technical Services Department regarding compatibility.

Make these guidelines available when nailers are to be installed by others. Work that compromises the integrity

of the system may jeopardize the roofing warranty for the entire project.

2.13.1.1 Install A Full Bed Of Asphalt During the installation of base sheets, ply sheets or insulation with hot asphalt, proper bitumen application weight must be maintained. Use proper industry equipment and proven techniques for application of asphalt, base or ply

sheets and insulation.

The EVT is the recommended temperature of the mopping asphalt for ply sheets at the time of application. Application of the asphalt at the EVT will help achieve a uniform application of interply moppings. This information is often listed on the asphalt carton, or can be obtained from the asphalt manufacturer.

Before the base sheet, ply sheets or the insulation is installed, the kettle temperature of the hot asphalt should be such that the proper EVT is maintained at application, but not within 25 °F (13.9 °C) of the flash point. Do not store asphalt above the finished blowing temperature for more than 4 hours.

Install only as much insulation that can be finished with the completed membrane assembly the same day.

Neatly fit insulation to all penetrations, projections, and nailers. Insulation shall be loosely fitted, with gaps not greater than 1/4" (6.4 mm). All gaps greater than 1/4" (6.4 mm) must be filled with acceptable insulation and subsequently attached. Tapered or feathered insulation shall be installed around roof drains to provide proper slope for drainage (If the system over the insulation is to be mopped in place, the insulation used for slope at

drain sumps shall be compatible for direct application for hot asphalt).

Attachment of insulation can be accomplished using a number of methods, some of which are as follows:

• By mechanically attaching the insulation(s) using Firestone Insulation Plates and Fasteners. By loose laying insulation and mechanically fastening a Firestone MB Base Sheet through the MB Base Sheet and into the deck.

• By mechanically attaching the insulation(s) using Firestone Insulation Plates and Fasteners, followed by the application of additional layers of insulation in ASTM D 312 Type III or IV asphalt, or Firestone MB Cold Adhesive to acceptable substrates.

• By attaching using ASTM D 312 Type III or IV asphalt or Firestone MB Cold Adhesive (max. 4' x 4' (1.2 mx1.2m) boards).

• By nailing or fastening of a base sheet to an acceptable substrate followed by the installation of insulation in ASTM D 312 Type III or IV asphalt, or Firestone MB Cold Adhesive.

Refer to the Technical Information Section of this manual for acceptable fastening patterns for the specified Firestone insulation. Over the insulation, install a Firestone MB Base Sheet by mechanical attaching using Firestone Insulation Plates and Fasteners or a full mopping of ASTM D 312 Type III or IV asphalt. (DO NOT APPLY ANY ROOFING MEMBRANE COMPONENTS DIRECTLY TO FIRESTONE ISO 95+ PRODUCTS IN A

FULL MOPPING OF HOT ASPHALT.)

A.) Mechanically fasten insulation with Firestone Fasteners for the particular deck type. Refer to the System Design section of this Manual for appropriate Firestone fasteners and penetration requirements.

B.) Insulation applied in ASTM D 312 Type III or IV asphalt or Firestone Cold Adhesive shall be max. 4' x 4' (1.2 m x 1.2 m) in size.

C.) Attaching insulation using ASTM D 312 Type III or IV asphalt or MB Cold Adhesive, can only be completed to Poured-in-place structural concrete, pre-cast concrete slabs, mechanically attached or mopped base sheets, and existing smooth Built-up Roof Systems which have been primed. Hot asphalt attachment to gravel surfaced Asphalt Built-up systems can be completed when prepared per the Design Guide of this manual.

A.) Firestone MB Cold Adhesive can only be used for attaching insulation:

• To poured-in-place structural concrete decks

• To pre-cast concrete slabs

• To mechanically attached or mopped in place base sheets

• To additional insulation layers

B.) Apply Firestone MB Cold Adhesive with an airless sprayer or by applying using a VA" (6.4 mm) notched neoprene squeegee at a rate of 1-1/2-2 gallons per 100 square feet (0.6-0.8 l/sq. m). (SOME SUBSTRATES MAY TAKE MORE ADHESIVE DEPENDING UPON THE ABSORBENCY AND TEXTURE OF THE SURFACE).

C.) Insulation (max. 4' x 4' (1.2 m x1.2 m) board size) may be installed immediately, or up to as much as 20 minutes after the application of the adhesive depending on application rates and ambient conditions (THE SURFACE SHOULD BE SHINY WHEN INSTALLING INSULATION. IF NOT, THEN ADDITIONAL ADHESIVE MUST BE APPLIED).

D.) After the insulation has been set in the MB Cold Adhesive, walk boards in immediately and as necessary thereafter to assure that they are being bonded properly.

E.) Additional layers of insulation are installed in the same fashion.

CAUTION: Firestone MB Cold Adhesive contains solvents which have an odor and are slow to evaporate. Because of this, adhesive fumes may enter the building through openings in the deck or through air intakes, and may remain for some time. If MB Cold Adhesive is used for attachment of any roofing component, measures must be taken to prevent fumes from entering the building. In addition, discuss this with building owners before proceeding to make them aware of the potential for fumes entering the building.

When installing multiple layers of insulation, all joints between layers must be staggered.

Install cant strips using hot asphalt or Firestone MB Cold Adhesive.

Base sheets may be installed by one of four methods depending upon the product being used as follows:

• Mechanical attachment

• Hot asphalt attachment

• Firestone MB Cold Adhesive (acceptable only if additional plies will be installed in MB Cold Adhesive as well). Maximum of two plies total.

• Heat fusing (Torch Grade Base Sheets only) Must be applied to a base sheet or non-combustible surface. Do not install directly to insulation.

Using Firestone Insulation Plates and Fasteners, base sheets may be attached through insulation into the deck, or directly to poured in place concrete, wood, gypsum, cementitious wood fiber, lightweight concrete decks, or through an uninsulated smooth surfaced Built-up or Modified Bitumen Roof System which is not more than Vz" (12.7 mm) in thickness. Refer to the Design Guide Section of this manual for information on fasteners for a particular deck type.

The base sheet shall be mechanically attached 18" (457.2 mm) o.c. in the side laps and 36" (914.4 mm) o.c. in two staggered rows in the field of the sheet. Each row shall be 12" (304.8 mm) (approx.) in from the sides of the base sheet.

OR

Using Factory Mutual approved nail-in type fasteners and plates, base sheets may be attached to concrete, wood, gypsum, cementitious wood fiber, or lightweight insulating concrete decks. The base sheet shall be mechanically attached with cap nails specified by the project designer. Cap nails cannot be used to attach insulation, attach a base sheet through an existing insulated roof, attach a base sheet over a gravel surfaced built-up roof, or through a smooth surfaced uninsulated built up roof over 1/2" (12.7 mm) thick. The fasteners used to attach base sheet shall be manufactured for the particular deck type and be FM approved if available. The minimum head size shall be 1" (25.4 mm) diameter.

Note: When mechanically attaching base sheets, unroll and allow to relax a minimum of 30 minutes prior to attaching. After allowing to relax, begin attachment at one end and work towards the other.

OR

After pre-attaching the insulation per Firestone requirements (refer to the T.I.S. for the specific insulation) install base sheet in a full mopping of ASTM D 312 Type III or IV asphalt. Attachment of the base sheet in these instances shall be according to recommendations as set forth by the National Roofing Contractors Association (NRCA).

NOTE: Do not install any base or ply sheets in full moppings of asphalt directly to polyurethane or polyisocyanurate type insulation. In these instances, the base sheet shall be mechanically attached, spot attached using ASTM D 312 Type III or IV, or an overlayment of Firestone FiberTop installed over the isocyanurate insulation.

OR

After pre-attaching the insulation per Firestone requirements (refer to the T.I.S. for the specific insulation) install base sheet in a uniform application of Firestone MB Cold Adhesive. Lay out the first base sheet by unrolling and aligning into final position. Re-roll the sheet halfway and apply MB Cold Adhesive to the insulation as described below. Roll the base sheet into the adhesive, and broom in. Re-roll the other half and install in the same fashion. Install additional base sheet in the same fashion, assuring that the application of the MB Cold Adhesive is applied in the lap areas as well.

If the base sheet is an SBS material or SBS Smooth, and the laps are to be torched, the base sheets can be installed as follows:

• Lay out four to five rolls of base sheets over the substrate and align into their final position

• Fold back or re-roll each roll half way.

• Apply MB Cold Adhesive over the entire substrate as described above.

• Fold or roll the base sheet into the adhesive and broom in (lap areas have no MB Cold Adhesive applied to them).

• Complete the adjoining half of the roll in the same fashion.

After installing a mechanically attached or fully mopped base sheet, cut a half sheet of SBS Torch Base Sheet for the starter course and heat fuse in place starting at the low end of the roof as described in below Unroll the first full roll of Firestone SBS Torch Base Sheet completely and align. Unroll remaining rolls approximately halfway in order to properly align the side laps and ensure the required end lap is maintained. Re-roll one end

approximately half way and lap the starter course a minimum of 2" (50.8 mm). Using a "hook" or "cane" type tool to pull the roll, torch apply the re-rolled portion of SBS Torch Base by passing the flame of the torch evenly across the face of the roll and along the exposed side lap of the previously installed sheet. Heat the base sheet with the torch until the plastic film backing is burnt off with the exception of residual film. The torching temperature is usually correct when a slight flow of bitumen is seen coming from the side lap Roll up the unadhered half of the membrane sheet and repeat the above procedure to complete the installation ofthe roll.

2.17.1 LAP BASE SHEETS

Base sheets shall be lapped a minimum 3" (76.2 mm) for side laps when mechanically attached 2" (50 8 mm) when mopped in place. End laps shall be minimum 6" (152.4 mm). In all cases, an offset between the side and end laps of the base sheet and the Firestone SBS Membrane of 12" (304.8 mm) minimum shall be maintained.

When using SBS material for the base sheet they may be adhered with hot asphalt as the base sheet itself is installed, heat fused, or completed using Firestone MB Cold Adhesive as follows:

Open the lap area using a long handled trowel (2'-3' (0.6-0.9 m) long) and place the open flame of a torch into the lap area. Continue along the lap area by moving the trowel and the torch along the lap area with the trowel slightly ahead of the torch. Proceed at a speed so that both surfaces of the lap area are heated sufficiently to assure that the lap is completely bonded, with a slight bleedout coming from the lap edge.

Use an automatic heat welder and nozzle intended for heat welding modified bitumen membranes This procedure requires different welding speeds and temperatures depending upon ambient conditions Each time the welding of laps takes place, a test should be completed to determine proper speed and temperature.

Apply Firestone MB Cold Adhesive to both the substrate and the lap area of the previously installed base sheet When installing the base sheet, the lap area is completed as the base sheet is rolled into place Apply hand pressure to the entire length of the lap area being careful not to displace all of the Firestone MB Cold Adhesive. Any adhesive that is displaced must be removed from the top of the lower sheet immediately.

Base sheets shall be terminated a minimum of 2" (50.8 mm) above all cants.

Note: Venting base sheets shall be terminated at penetrations, roof edges, curbs, parapets etc., per

manufacturer's recommendations and in a manner so to provide proper venting as intended.

A.) Remove the roll wrapping tape and labels before cap sheet installation.

B.) Cut a half width of Firestone SBS Cap sheet for the starter course completely and align. Remaining rolls shall be unrolled approximately halfway in order to properly align the side laps and ensure the required end lap is maintained. Cap sheet layout may be addressed by different methods; however, installation shall be in such a fashion so that field and flashing laps shed water. NOTE: If base sheet is installed starting with a half width, then the first roll of SBS Torch Grade shall be a full roll.

C.) Re-roll one end of the roll approximately half way to facilitate alignment.

D.) Apply asphalt to the substrate at a rate of 25 Ib (± 15%) per 100 square feet (1.2 kg/sq. m) no more than 6' (1.8 m) or less, in front of roll depending on ambient conditions. Asphalt temperature shall be min. 400°F (204.4°C) at the point of contact with the membrane.

E.) Roll the cap sheet into the asphalt using positive pressure, assuring proper side and end laps.

F.) Hot asphalt should be seen coming from the laps and should be no more than 1" (25.4 mm) wide.

G.) Roll up the unadhered half of the cap sheet and repeat the above procedure to complete the installation of the roll.

H.) Firestone recommends that granules be applied to areas of asphalt bleedout as the installation progresses. Areas of asphalt bleed-out at inside and outside corners require the application of granules.

2.20.1.2 Torch Applied Cap Sheet (SBS Torch)

A.) Remove the roll wrapping tape and labels before membrane installation.

B.) Cut a half width of SBS Torch grade Cap sheet for the starter course and heat fuse in place starting at the low end of the roof as described in Paragraph 5 below. Remaining rolls shall be unrolled approximately halfway in order to properly align the side laps and ensure the required end lap is maintained. Cap sheet layout may be addressed by different methods; however, installation shall be in such a fashion so that field and flashing laps shed water.

C.) NOTE: If base sheet is installed starting with a half width, then the first roll of SBS Torch Grade shall be a full roll.

D.) Unroll the first full roll of Firestone SBS Torch Membrane completely and align. Unroll remaining rolls approximately halfway in order to properly align the side laps and ensure the required end lap is maintained.

E.) Re-roll one end, approximately half way and align to the ply line on the starter course.

F. Using a "hook" or "cane" type tool to pull the roll, torch apply the re-rolled portion of SBS cap sheet by passing the flame of the torch evenly across the face of the roll and along the exposed side lap of the previously installed sheet. Heat the cap sheet with the torch until the plastic film backing is burnt off with the exception of residual film. The torching temperature is usually correct when a slight flow, or bleed, of bitumen is seen coming from the side lap. Other types of torching techniques can be successfully

utilized; however, damage to the finished surface may occur as may improper welding, both of which will require repair.

G.) Roll up the unadhered half of the membrane sheet and repeat the above procedure to complete the installation of the roll.

H.) As the torching process is proceeding, apply granules to the bleedout while hot.

NOTE: When torching to a granulated sheet, such as when constructing end laps, base flashings, membrane repairs etc., embed granules on the receiving surface by heating, then troweling in all granules until a uniform black surface coated with compound is achieved within the lap area. Any area of the sheet not protected with a granule surface shall be dressed with additional granules, or repaired with an additional piece of granule surfaced SBS.

Keep rooftop traffic to a minimum after installation of a cap sheet in order to avoid damage.

Typically, traffic should be kept off the roof until the next day.

2.20.1.3 Using Firestone MB Cold Adhesive

A.) Unroll the SBS sand-backed cap sheet and allow to relax approximately 30 minutes.

B.) Align cap sheets in their final position, assuring that the minimum side lap is maintained.

C.) Fold back or re-roll the cap sheet in half exposing the substrate.

D.) Apply Firestone's Cold Adhesive to the substrate or insulation surface using a W (6.4 mm) notched neoprene squeegee or airless sprayer at a rate of 1-1/2 gallons per 100 square feet ((0.6-0.8 l/sq. m).

E.) Fold back the cap sheet into the adhesive and broom into place. The adhesive may be left open no more than 20 minutes prior to installing base sheet.

F.) Repeat the process for the other half of the base sheet.

G.) Complete the side and end laps of the base sheet by heat fusing with an propane torch, or an automatic heat welder as described in Section 2.21.1 below.

NOTES:

1.) When using Firestone MB Cold Adhesive for attaching the cap sheet, all side and end laps must be heat fused. Embed granules in any lap prior to heat fusing the lap area.

2.) No more than any combination of two (2) plies of base and/or cap sheets may be installed in MB Cold Adhesive.

Using a propane torch or automatic heat welding equipment, heat fuse the splices as follows:

Open the lap area using a long handled trowel (2'-3' (0.6-0.9 m) long) or similar device and place the open flame into the lap area. Continue along the lap area by moving the trowel and the torch along the lap area with the trowel slightly ahead of the torch. Proceed at a speed so that both surfaces of the lap area are heated sufficiently to assure that the lap is completely bonded, with a slight bleedout coming from the lap edge. Apply granules to the completed lap area as seaming progresses.

Use an automatic heat welder and nozzle intended for heat welding Modified Bitumen membranes. This procedure requires different welding speeds and temperatures depending upon ambient conditions. Each time the welding of laps takes place, a test should be completed to determine proper speed and temperature. Allow the heat welder to move along the lap area at the pre-determined speed and temperature, so that both surfaces of the lap are heated sufficiently to assure that the lap is completely bonded, with a slight bleedout coming from the lap edge. Apply granules to the completed lap area as seaming progresses.

A.) Flashing shall be installed in accordance with Firestone Details using Firestone SBS Flashing (hot asphalt or MB Flashing Cement), or SBS Torch Grade (heat fusing).

B.) The following substrates require an overlayment of 112" (12.7 mm) exterior grade or "Wolmanized(r)" plywood mechanically fastened in accordance with the project designer's requirements.

• Gypsum board

• Stucco

• Cobblestone

• Textured masonry

• Corrugated metal panels

• Other uneven substrates

C.) Install base sheet or prepare substrate as shown in Firestone Details.

D.) After the base sheet and field membrane have been installed, using a hook blade knife, cut flashing sections from the Firestone SBS Membrane as necessary. Flashing sections shall be of the size that will not allow cooling of the bitumen before placing into final position.

E.) Flashing must extend a minimum of 6" onto the field membrane.

Note: Granules shall be embedded as described in the above section prior to completing base or side laps.

2.22.1.1 Install Flashing Membrane

A.) SBS Flashing shall be attached using ASTM D 312 Type IV asphalt or Firestone MB Flashing Cement.

Note: When using Firestone MB Flashing Cement to attach flashings, side laps and base flashing laps shall be completed by heat fusing. The lap to the field membrane shall be a minimum of 6" (152.4 mm) wide. Refer to Firestone Cold Applied SBS Details for specifics.

B.) Previously installed field membrane and wall flashing shall be protected so that it is not damaged when additional flashing pieces are installed.

Note: Refer to Firestone Details for specific installation requirements of installing flashing.

Special cleaning techniques must be used to prepare the copper surface to which the Firestone SBS membrane will be adhered. Firestone requires the cleaning with acetone or lacquer thinner, using clean cotton cloths. After the surface has dried, apply asphalt primer (ASTM D41) at approximately one (1) gallon/100 square feet (0.5 l/sq. m). Allow the primer to dry before installing the Firestone SBS flashing.

2.24.1 FLASHING - PENETRATIONS

A. Remove all existing flashings (i.e. lead, bituminous, mastic, etc.).

B. Flash all penetrations passing through the membrane per Firestone Details

C. The flashing seal must be made directly to the penetration (except as shown in details with lead sleeves).

2.24.1.2 Roof Drains

These guidelines apply for installation of cast iron drains only. For acceptability of other drain types contact

A.) Remove existing flashings (including lead flashings), roofing materials, and cement from the existing drain in preparation for new membrane.

B.) Provide a clean even finish on the mating surfaces between the clamping ring and the drain bowl.

C.) Install tapered insulation around the drain to provide a smooth transition from the roof surface to the drain. Slope shall not exceed 1" (25.4 mm) per foot.

D.) Install the base sheet. Cut an opening in the base sheet so that the base sheet stops short of the clamping ring.

E.) Apply Firestone MB Flashing Cement to the clamping ring flange of the drain bowl.

F.) Install the SBS cap sheet so that it extends to the inside edge of the drain bowl, and into the MB Flashing Cement.

G.) Apply Firestone MB Flashing Cement to the bottom of the lead and install the lead over the cap sheet so that it extends to the inside edge of the drain bowl. Prime the top surface with asphalt primer

H.) (ASTMD41).

I.) Install a square section of SBS Flashing over the lead, extending out of the sump area and onto the field sheet a minimum of 3 inches (76 mm), using ASTM D 312 Type III or IV asphalt, or by heat fusing using a Firestone SBS Torch Grade product.

J.) Make round holes in the membranes and align with clamping bolts.

K.) Install the roof drain clamping ring and clamping bolts. Tighten the clamping bolts to achieve continues compression.

L.) Cut a hole in the cap sheet slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the drain bowl.

Fabricate and secure penetration pockets in accordance with Firestone details.

Protect the roofing components from direct contact with steam or heat sources when the in-service temperature is in excess of 140°F (60°C). In all such cases flash to an intermediate "cool" sleeve.

A.) Remove existing scupper and provide a new welded watertight scupper.

B.) Set welded watertight scupper in Firestone MB Flashing Cement and secure to the structure.

C.)Flash in accordance with Firestone Details.

Install expansion joints and roof dividers per Firestone Details. Refer to the Design Section of this manual for information relating to expansion joints and dividers.

Install all sheet metal work as detailed by the project designer or Firestone specifications, whichever is more stringent.

When necessary to repair the membrane, use the following criteria:

A.) A wrinkle or fishmouth must be cut and laid flat, so as not to create a hump or void, and repaired with a section of Firestone SBS Membrane.

B.) The new Firestone SBS material must be adhered to the existing membrane by heat fusing.

C.) Embed granules on the existing surface prior to installing the repair material.

D.) All repair pieces must extend a minimum of 4" (101.6 mm) past the boundary of the affected area in all directions. It is recommended that all corners of repair material be rounded.

E.) Laps not showing the required bitumen flow shall be repaired by lifting the membrane with the end of a round tipped trowel and heating both surfaces. When a slight puddling occurs, trowel the seam area so flow out is observed. Ensure that the reinforcement in the Firestone SBS Membrane is not exposed during this process. Should the reinforcement be exposed, the area shall be repaired by installing a newFirestone SBS piece over the affected area.

A.) Temporary closures must be used to prevent water from flowing beneath the roofing system during inclement weather.

1.) The roof membrane shall extend at least two (2) feet (609.6 mm) over the last row of insulation (where applicable). Apply a continuous layer of asphalt or roofing cement onto the substrate and the membrane edge. Mating surfaces must be smooth, clean, dry and free of any loose foreign material and gravel.

2.) Firmly embed roof membrane into the asphalt or roofing cement and provide continuous pressure over the length of the cut-off by using sufficient weight.

B.) The above is an overnight tie-in only, and is not intended for long term use. If temporary tie-in

C.) must remain for more than one day's time, it must be checked on a daily basis to assure the tie-in remains sealed and reworked if necessary.

D.) Temporary tie-ins must be completely removed providing a clean surface for the new roofing system.

A.) Walkways help protect the roof system from damage due to necessary rooftop service traffic.

B.) Walkways are required at all access points (ladders, hatches, doorways, etc.) to the roof, and on all roofs where foot traffic is expected to be more than once a month.

C.) Install an additional layer of Firestone SBS Membrane to the finished Firestone SBS system using standard application techniques.

D.) Identify walkway areas as specified by the project designer or by using material, with a different colored granule if available.